Polymer definition and meaning collins english dictionary. As with most areas of science, names associated with reactions, particular chemical and physical tests, etc. Introduction to materials science, chapter 15, polymer structures. Very high molecularweight compound made up of a large number of simpler molecules called monomers of the same kind. Examples are through slabstock by pouring, extrusion and different forms of molding.
Cellulose is a natural polymer thats made up of repeating glucose monomers. We need a better definition of her responsibilities. They make up about 80% of the organic chemical industry with products produced at approximately 150 kg of polymers per person annually in the united states. Proposed definition of microplastics in drinking water. The term polymer is defined as very large molecules having high molecular mass 103107u. We welcome submissions on polymer hybrids, nanocomposites, characterisation and selfassembly. We use cookies to enhance your experience on our website, including to. The structures and chemistry of individual hydrocarbons depend in large part on the types of chemical bonds that link together the atoms of their constituent molecules. In polymer chemistry, polymerization is a process of reacting monomer molecules together in a. Polymer definition is a chemical compound or mixture of compounds formed by polymerization and consisting essentially of repeating structural units. In simple singlestrand chains, the bonds are taken as the rigid sections.
This shows how the chemical composition of a polymer consists of many smaller units monomers bonded together into a larger molecule. This can be further specified such that a particle has a physical boundary that can also be described as an interface and that a particle can move as a unit. Organic polymers definition of organic polymers by the. Glossary of basic terms in polymer science iupac recommendations 1996 pdf. Synthetic polymers are a mainstay of modern life, but nature also makes polymers. Fundamentals of polymer chemistry scientific spectator. An oligosaccharide with only two monosaccharides is known as a disaccharide. The so called repeat unit may consist of a single atom, say, sulfur atom, s. Polymer, any of a class of natural or synthetic substances composed of very large molecules, called macromolecules, that are multiples of simpler chemical units called monomers.
Polymer chemistry complies with the advanced course definition given by the amer ican chemical society committee on professional training, building on the foundations laid in general, organic, physical, analyticalinstrumentation, and inorganic chemistry. A polymer is a molecule, made from joining together many small molecules called monomers. Introduction to materials science, chapter 15, polymers. Introduction to materials science, chapter 15, polymer structures university tennessee, dept. In simple polymers such as polyethylene, the chains are present in the crystal in. And of all these glucose molecules, cellulose is one molecule that is responsible for helping to hold plants upright. The word polymer can be broken down into poly meaning many in greek and mer meaning unit. The chemical mechanism that cells use to make and break polymers are basically the same in all cases. Apart from increased sophistication in methods of measuring molecular weight, such as the cryoscopic and vapour pressure methods, almost the whole range of the spectrum has been called into service to elucidate polymer structure.
The word polymer can be broken down into poly meaning. Reptation is the thermal motion of very long linear, entangled macromolecules in polymer melts or concentrated polymer solutions. The major structural feature of polymers is the presence of a large number of monomeric units which are repeated many times. The word polymer comes from the greek prefix poly, which means many, and the suffix mer, which means parts. Polymer foams are produced in a number of different ways. Polymer, any of a class of natural or synthetic substances composed of very large molecules that are multiples of simpler chemical units. Carbon and hydrogen are the most common atoms in monomers, but oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, fluorine, silicon and sulfur may also be present. Industrial polymers are synthesized from simple compounds joined together to form long chains. Cellulose is a natural polymer, and nylon is a manmade polymer. Definition of the concept of polymer gel request pdf researchgate. Polymer definition of polymer by the free dictionary. Monomer is a simple repetitive unit which when joined together in large. These are also referred to as macromolecules, which are formed by joining of repeating structural units on a large scale.
The latent heat enthalpy of crystallization is determined from. Polymers make up many of the materials in living organisms, including, for. Polymer is an interdisciplinary journal dedicated to publishing innovative and significant advances in polymer physics, chemistry and technology. Polymer foams can be divided into either thermoplastics or thermosets, which are further divided into rigid or flexible foams. J polym sci a polym chem article pdf available in journal of polymer science part a polymer chemistry 4516. Polymers polymers are the giant molecules of chemistry. State of the art, new challenges, and opportunities jyotishkumar parameswaranpillai, sabu thomas, and yves grohens 1.
Pdf biopolymers are polymers produced by living organisms. It is addressed at the level of a graduate student, who has had exposure to basic. The product is called polymer and the starting material is called monomer. Derived from the word reptile, reptation suggests the movement of entangled polymer chains as being analogous to snakes slithering through one another. Definitions of terms relating to individual macromolecules, their. In simple mathematical terms, the onset condition for forming an equilibrium gel state requires the stress relaxation function gt to takes the form 10. A polymer can be a three dimensional network think of the repeating units linked together left and right, front and back, up and down or twodimensional network think of the repeating units linked together left. A polymer is a type of organic solid that has a very large molecular structure. The polymerization is a chemical reaction in which two or more substances combine together with or without evolution of anything like water, heat or any other solvents to form a molecule of high molecular weight. Any of numerous natural and synthetic compounds of usually high molecular weight consisting of up to millions of repeated linked units, each a relatively. Many synthetic materials, including nylon, paper, plastics, and rubbers, are also polymers. More than 98 percent of natural crude rubber is a hydrocarbon polymer, a chainlike molecule consisting of many units linked together. Polymer chemistry, sixth edition nanjing university. A polymer is a substance composed of long chains of simpler units called monomers.
A polymer can be a three dimensional network think of the repeating units linked together left and right, front and back, up and down or twodimensional network think of the repeating units linked together left, right, up, and down in a sheet or a one. This is a short introduction to the variety of behaviour observed in these complex. A polymer is a large molecule, or macromolecule, composed of many repeated subunits. The word was coined by swedish chemist jons jacob berzelius 17791848 in 1833, although with a slightly different meaning from the modern definition. The past simple tense, also called the simple past, is used for past actions that happened either at a specific time, which can either be given by a time phrase yesterday, last year, etc. Because the molecules consist of many monomers, polymers tend to have high molecular masses. Today, polymers are commonly used in thousands of products as plastics, elastomers, coatings, and adhesives.
Polymer degradation is a change in the propertiestensile strength, color, shape, or molecular weightof a polymer or polymer based product under the influence of one or more environmental factors, such as heat, light, chemicals and, in some cases, galvanic action. Monosaccharides can by combined through glycosidic bonds to form larger carbohydrates, known as oligosaccharides or polysaccharides. Definition of polymer noun in oxford advanced learners dictionary. In our case, the small repeating units are the paper clips. The most simple definition of a polymer is something made of many units. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
A small, simple chemical unit appears to repeat itself a very large number of times in the structure of a polymer molecule or macromolecule. If you are after basic information on plastic materials, this is the place to find it. Polymer simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. A simple definition of a particle, according to various iso standards e. Further, the wide diversity of polymer science permitted a wide diversity in naming polymers. Organic polymers synonyms, organic polymers pronunciation, organic polymers translation, english dictionary definition of organic polymers.
A polymer is a large molecule made up of chains or rings of linked repeating subunits, which are called monomers. Structural features of a polymer or macromolecule the word polymer literally means many poly units mer. Investigation of polymers with di erential scanning. Biopolymers can be complex and nice introduction to materials science, chapter 15, polymer structures university tennessee, dept.
Other monomer units, such as formaldehyde hydrates or simple aldehydes, are able to polymerize themselves at quite low temperatures. A large molecule macromolecule built up by repetitive bonding covalent of smaller molecules monomers generally not a well defined structure, or molecular weight. The stress and strain induced when a load is applied are a function of time. In condensation polymerization, a small portion of the monomer molecule is not incorporated in the final polymer. Polymer also publishes work on the technological application of polymers in energy and optoelectronics.
Proteins are polymers of amino acids, cellulose is a polymer of sugar molecules, and nucleic acids such as deoxyribonucleic acid dna are polymers of nucleotides. Definition of a polymer among the studied countries. Investigation of polymers with di erential scanning calorimetry contents 1 introduction 1 2 thermal properties of a polymer 1. The number of bonding sites or reactive sites or functional groups present. The polymers are defined as macromolecules composed of one or more chemical units monomers that are repeated throughout a chain a polymer is like a thread joins many coins punched through the center, in the end we get a string of coins, the coins would be the monomers, and the chain with the coins would be the polymer.
By definition, a polymer is a compound that is made of many small repeating units bonded together. Polymera definition is a division of invertebrate animals having the body divided into numerous clearly defined segments. A polymer is a type of organic solid a solid that is a compound of carbon or hydrogen that has a very large molecular structure. The simplest definition of a polymer is a useful chemical made of many repeating units. Note on substance identification and potential scope of a. Polymers usually have high melting and boiling points. Regular verbs add ed to the base form, or d if the verbs ends with e.
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